CHAPTER 3

Today i learn a lot of thing new about HISTORY & THEORY in my class...


What the mean of theory in architecture?

In architecture it is important to us learn and add our knowledge about theory and history.It is because, as an architect we will faces with any situation along we are involved in this field..
It is depends to AL-QURAN also for the MUSLIM that believed a whole of law of our life it's according to the centre point.And the MUSLIM should know about that.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION!!!

HISTORY OF MESOTAMIAS


CAVE DWELLING
Archeological and social importances

Cave dwellings are common in certain areas of northern China where they serve as homes for more than 40 million people. In the provinces of Shaanxi and Shanxi where the yellow earth (called loess) is quite compacted, cave houses have been in use for centuries. Below is a picture of this terrain in Shaanxi.

Loessal terrain in Southern Shaanxi

There are two main kinds of cave dwellings below.

The first type of cave dwellings are those carved out of the side of a cliff. Cliffside dwellings are often south-facing, and the facades are sometimes faced with bricks or stone. Why are the exterior openings framed with arches?
Cave dwellings with stone facing in Suide, Shaanxi Province

The second type of cave dwelling is built where there are no hills. In this situation, people create sunken courtyards. The courtyards of cliff dwelling are usually larger than those of pit dwellings, because they are easier to create than sunken courtyards which must be excavated.

Courtyard of pit dwelling, Shaanxi Province

View upwards from a sunken courtyard in Shaanxi Province

HUTS OF LEPENSKI VIR
Archaeological and social importances
(The Iron Gates Mesolithic)

This harmony between the environment and architectural forms has, on the other hand, been achieved with measurements and proportions which cannot be found anywhere in nature. The architecture of Lepenski Vir has something extremely mathematical in it; that is, in all its forms you can feel the presence of concrete lines and specific numbers. It can clearly be felt that the architectural forms are saturated with the mysticism of numbers, but the primary unit measure cannot be translated into today's mathematical language; it is not one specific number or an anthropological measurement and, although the module has been made through rational procedures, it still seems like a mystical dimension that has built the microcosms and macrocosms of Lepenski Vir.




The picture above show that the structure of gates Mesolithic