INTRODUCTION

History of Angkor

-Tropical monsoon country lies between latitudes 102 degree and degree and 15 degree North.
-2/3 rd covered by vast plain
-Dry season (Nov-May)
Wet season (May-October)
-Flora , dense tropical florest

History of Ancient Combodia

Pre Historic Period--> Pre Angkor Period-->The Angkor Period
from 7000 BC 1st C -7th AD 7th -14th C


Chronology of Ancient Cambodia

Beliefs

1. Early belief is animism
2. Hinduism came early first century BC at lower Mekong River based on trade or commersial relation.

KHMER TEMPLES CONCEPT

Divide to 3 level:

1. Flat temple
2. Temple Mountain
3. Royal Terrace

1.Flat Temple
Description:

Raised terrace supporting a series of towers mostly dedicated to past sovereigns & the family riling monarch.

Meaning

Representation of certain God Figures created to glorify past kings & decreased relations of riling sovereign.

2.Temple Mountain
Description:

Truncated stepped pyramid with harmonious symmetry of two axes centred on a single tower.

Meaning

1. Represents the cosmos as it appears in Hinduism.
2. The mountain top marks the centre of both the universe & the royal city, and the seat of the sovereign who thanks to his exaltied and sanctified status.
3. The stepped pyramid was the privileged location for the divine and earthly commmunication benefiting the king, his court , the kingdom and the place.

Symbolism

1. The Mount Meru ( the cosmic mountain) rises in the centre of the continents surrounded by the stars & by six other continents arranged in concentric circles.
2. The mountain bordered by 7 oceans, the 7th being confined y a barrior of rocks-Brahma , the creator, sits a top of Mount Meru in the world of Gods.

Ornaments:
Myhtical Creatures, Apsara on pilaster, Shiva, Cosmic Dnce, Head gear, Trimurti Gods and Elephant.

3.Royal Terrace

INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE

South East Asian Civilization

Classical Architecture

1. Begin from 800 years ago with eraction of stone and brick temples shelter symbols of Hindu and Buddist dative.
2. Central Java , few in Sumatra such as Bali & Kalimantan.

Period of Temple Construction

3 periods:

1. The Early Classic (600-900 AD)

-typifield by emphasis on ordered symmetry , monumentality, naturalistic sculptures
& resemblence of Indian features.
-used stone & timber as a structure
-mainly in central Jaya

2. The Middle Classic (900-1250 AD)

-no permanent

3. The Letter Classic (1250-1450 AD)
-Emphasis on symmetry declined
-Architecture as framework for narrative reliefs
-Used brick & tiles
-East Java

BATAK HOUSE

INTRODUCTION

Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra , Indonesia.
In fact the "Batak" include several groups with distinct, albeit related, languages and customs ( adat).
While the term is used to include the Toba , Karo , Dairi , Simalungun , Angkola and Mandailing.





Total population of Batak is circa 6 million (2000 census)
Regions with significant populations of Batak:

1. North Sumatra =4827000
2. Riau =347000
3. Jakarta =301000
4. West Java =275000
5. West Sumatra =188000

Languages
Btak languages ( Alas-Kluet, Angkola,Dairi, Karo,Mandailing, Simalungun, Toba), Malay, Indonesian

Religion
Christian, Muslim,Parmalim, Hinduism

Related ethnic groups
Malay

SOCIETY

Batak societies is known as Marga.The Toba Batak believe that they originate from ancestor "Si Raja Batak", with all Margas descended from him.Fof batak society, that house was built to show their burial and marriage traditions are very rich and complex.A family tree that father-son relationship among Batak people called tarombo.For batak people,that house is a symbols or gifts gives by husband family to their wife family.

THE UNIQUE OF BATAK HOUSE

Batak house is not like other house.It is because this house mostly unique by its architecture. The roofs aof this house nearly same with horns of the buffalo..




Batak house has no door.It is just some opening under the house by the stairs.









CONSTRUCTION
The Batak house of the Toba and Karo are recognizable by their massive style of building construction, whiich is suited to the way the inhabitants settled more and less permanently. The stilt house is an eminently practical form of achitecture for life in the tropics.

The ornaments put onto the external wall of the house are meant to drive away evil influences.These ornaments consist of anthropomorhic and zzmorphic representatios, carved decorative ornaments, and wall paintings. The colours used are natural colours, the most important being red(from red clay), white(from chalk), and black(from charcoal), which respectively represent the three spheres of the cosmos:

• the human world
• the world of good spirits
  
• the underworld
  

Challenges and Experiences in South East Asian

• Contemporary discourses are built on almost a single ideology identified by Edward Said as aka Eurocentrism ( architecture discourses are no exception)
• Eurocentrism fragments, dislocates , disinforms and shall inevitably reach its expiry date ( and so shall eurocentric architecture)
• In its place shall be yet another ideology

SOUTH

History of Thailand

• 6th C- mon people (Buddist) from lower Burma founded the Kingdom of Dvaravati in Central Thailand at Lampun & Haripunjaya
• Early 11th C - Khmer annexed with Dvaravati as the centre of Buddist orthodox & became paramound influence in Central Thailand.
• A fusion from the North & Central gradually influnced the South.
• 13th C - The Khmers were expelled which led to be creation of the Kingdom of Sukhothai and its consolidation.
• 14th C - The power moved South wards.
• 1782- Bangkok became capital
• The resultant complex architecture may be divided into 4 periods:
• Dvaravati period ( 6th C- 10th C )
• Khmer Lopburi period ( 10th C - 13th 13th )
• Thai period ( 13th C- 17th C )
• Sukhothai style
• Ayudhaya style
  
• Northern Chiengmai style
• Bangkok Style Period( ratanakosin period) ( late 18th C-19th C)

1. Dvaravati Period, C, Thailand (6th C- 10th C)

- characterized by Burman Buddist forms.
-the remains are at Lopburi & Lampun
-constructed of Bricks & Stone
-mouldings are similar to these of Buddist structure from Ceylon to North India of 1st millenium
-forms have granite bases with mortise holes for pillars which must have supported timber superstructures

e.g:

chedi phrapathom, nakhon pathom

chedi Phrathat, Lampung Luang

bullet holes elevation

2. Khmer - Lopburi Period , Mon & Khmer in C&E Thailand.
- characterized by Khmer Angkor style architecture.
-also mirrowed earlier building


3.Thai Period (13th C- 17th C)
-Divided into 3 styles

• sukhothai style
• Ayudhaya style
• Northern Chiengmai style
  

EN FIRDAUS SILIBUS

(week 1)
SECTION 1:
*INTRO TO SOUTH EAST ASIAN & ASIAN ARCHITECTURE

• RELIGION
• FEUDALISM
• IMPERIALISM
• COLONIZATION/INDENPENDENCE

*SECTION 5

ARCHIPELAGO

ARCHITECTURAL WORK

1. THAILAND
2. INDONESIA
3. INDO-CHINA
4. PHILIPPINES

-religions buildings
-temples
-palaces

assignment 1:Define, discuss,sketch, & illustrate ONE on the built form in:

1. Thailand
2. Indonesia
3. Philippiness

ONE of achitectural building depends to:

PLACE>>>>PEOPLE>>>>RULES


(week 2)
BACKGROUND OF "ALAM MELAYU"

1) SERI MAHARAJA DI-RAJA
North east ---->Filipina island---->East---->Irian Island(New guinea)

West---->Serindit Island---->Madalika ( Madagascar)


2)SERI MAHARAJA ALIF
3)SERI MAHARAJA DIPANG