Challenges and Experiences in South East Asian

• Contemporary discourses are built on almost a single ideology identified by Edward Said as aka Eurocentrism ( architecture discourses are no exception)
• Eurocentrism fragments, dislocates , disinforms and shall inevitably reach its expiry date ( and so shall eurocentric architecture)
• In its place shall be yet another ideology

SOUTH

History of Thailand

• 6th C- mon people (Buddist) from lower Burma founded the Kingdom of Dvaravati in Central Thailand at Lampun & Haripunjaya
• Early 11th C - Khmer annexed with Dvaravati as the centre of Buddist orthodox & became paramound influence in Central Thailand.
• A fusion from the North & Central gradually influnced the South.
• 13th C - The Khmers were expelled which led to be creation of the Kingdom of Sukhothai and its consolidation.
• 14th C - The power moved South wards.
• 1782- Bangkok became capital
• The resultant complex architecture may be divided into 4 periods:
• Dvaravati period ( 6th C- 10th C )
• Khmer Lopburi period ( 10th C - 13th 13th )
• Thai period ( 13th C- 17th C )
• Sukhothai style
• Ayudhaya style
  
• Northern Chiengmai style
• Bangkok Style Period( ratanakosin period) ( late 18th C-19th C)

1. Dvaravati Period, C, Thailand (6th C- 10th C)

- characterized by Burman Buddist forms.
-the remains are at Lopburi & Lampun
-constructed of Bricks & Stone
-mouldings are similar to these of Buddist structure from Ceylon to North India of 1st millenium
-forms have granite bases with mortise holes for pillars which must have supported timber superstructures

e.g:

chedi phrapathom, nakhon pathom

chedi Phrathat, Lampung Luang

bullet holes elevation

2. Khmer - Lopburi Period , Mon & Khmer in C&E Thailand.
- characterized by Khmer Angkor style architecture.
-also mirrowed earlier building


3.Thai Period (13th C- 17th C)
-Divided into 3 styles

• sukhothai style
• Ayudhaya style
• Northern Chiengmai style